Section · 46 articles

Peoples of Africa

Ethnic groups, languages and ways of life.

The diversity of the peoples in Africa is as varied as the colors that characterize the continent.

Many peoples such as the Egyptians have a long history, which can be described as cultural heritage.

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Adyrmachidae
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Adyrmachidae

Lifestyle, clothing and religious customs of the Adyrmachidae from Herodotus' writings. An ancient tribe in North Africa.

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White farmhouse with grapevines in the foreground, gentle hills of the South African Winelands near Stellenbosch in the background.
Peoples

Afrikaners: Who are the Boers?

Afrikaners, also known as Boers, are a population group of European descent in South Africa and Namibia. Their history and culture continue to shape the region today.

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Egyptians
Peoples · North Africa

Egyptians

The Egyptians are a progressive and traditional people. Learn more about their languages, religions and social structures.

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Amhara
Peoples · Horn of Africa

Amhara

Tradition In the Amhara region, about fifteen percent live, most of whom reside in rural areas and engage in farming. In the other regions of the country, the Amhara predominantly live in urban areas. Among the Amhara, girls are typically married off at a very young age. Once a young girl reaches puberty, or at the latest by the age of 14, she is considered of marriageable age…

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Afrikaner – Afrikander: Correction and Meaning

The term "Afrikaner" is often used incorrectly. Here is the correct designation and meaning for Afrikander.

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Bainounka
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Bainounka

The Bainounka were a historical ethnic group in West Africa. Learn more about their history, blending with other peoples, and cultural traces.

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Peoples · Central Africa

Bakongo

Majority live in Angola After a rebellion in the early 1960s, hundreds of thousands of Bakongo fled to the Congo, to the city of Kinshasa. After gaining independence, many returned to Angola. Today, the total number of the Bakongo people exceeds 5 million people. Way of life Formerly, the Bakongo mainly practiced farming and worked as…

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Berber
Peoples · North Africa

Berber

Origins of the Berbers Since no useful writings or records exist from the Berbers, little is known about their origins. What is known, however, is that the Greek/Roman word "Barbari" (the stammerer), is the origin of the term...

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Blemmyes
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Blemmyes

The Blemmyes were an ancient nomadic people in Sudan and Egypt. Learn more about their history, mythology, and role as traders and raiders.

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Peoples · Central Africa

Chewa

The various tribes The Chewa people are divided into a main tribe and two sub-tribes; the Banda and the Phiri, also known as clans. Each of the clans has its fixed roles. The Phiri clan takes on leadership tasks, while the Banda are specialized in the art of healing and the art of shamanism. In Malawi there are two official languages. Chi…

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Dinka
Peoples · North Africa

Dinka

Way of life of the Dinka The way of life of the Dinka is very reminiscent of the lifestyle of nomads. They live in homesteads of mud huts with thatched roofs. Near the buildings are the fields where food is grown…

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Ethnology in Africa
Peoples

Ethnology in Africa

Ethnology in Africa is shaped by the historical significance of colonisation. The African continent is divided into several regions and comprises over 50 post-colonial states.

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Fulani
Peoples · West Africa

Fulani

The Fulani in West Africa: distribution, theories of origin, and traditional way of life with a strict code. Over 7 million people.

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Gaetulians
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Gaetulians

Lifestyle and distribution of the ancient Gaetulians in North Africa. Ancestors of the Tuareg and their role as hunters.

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Garamantes
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Garamantes

Ancient realm of the Garamantes: trade in ivory and salt, chariot culture, and rock art in the Sahara.

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Hausa
Peoples · West Africa

Hausa

Sunni Islam, traditional religions and cultural identity of the Hausa in Hausaland.

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Henmemet
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Henmemet

The Henmemet as the Pharaoh’s closest confidants: their mythological significance and role in the social hierarchy.

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Peoples · South Africa

Herero

Way of life Most of them earn their living as craftsmen or traders. Some also work on large farms. As early as the mid-16th century, the Herero migrated from Central Africa in what is now Botswana. Conflicts with the “Bechuana” split the Herero people. One half moved as Herero towards Namibia, where…

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Historical Ethnology
Peoples

Historical Ethnology

Historical ethnology in Africa examines the various peoples who inhabited the continent in historical times.

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Horn of Africa
Peoples

Horn of Africa

The Horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Oromo, Somali and Afar – a blend of traditions and historical influences in the region.

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Peoples · East Africa

Hutu

Era of Colonial Rule Until 1916, Germany held colonial rule over Rwanda, and Belgium had a League of Nations mandate from 1923. Before the colonial era, the different ethnic groups such as the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa lived peacefully side by side in Rwanda and Burundi. Their social hierarchy was determined by the occupations they pursued. The Hutu formed…

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Iabtju
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Iabtju

Lifestyle and customs of the Iabtju as Bedouins in the Syrian Desert. Hunting methods and adaptation to extreme conditions.

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Igbo
Peoples · West Africa

Igbo

The Igbo in Nigeria: life in the southeast, traditional religion with a creator god, deities, and lesser spirits.

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Isabaten
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Isabaten

Ancient people of the Sahara The Isabaten were known by various names. For example, Pliny the Elder mentioned them under the name Hasbitae. They lived partly in coastal regions somewhat away from the sea but also settled in the G…

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Peoples · East Africa

Kikuyu

Independence struggle In the independence struggle against British colonial rule in the 1950s, the Kikuyu were superior. They also dominated important positions in politics and the economy in independent Kenya. This has often led to unrest and conflicts in recent decades. The Kikuyu population numbers were already high by the end of the colonial period.

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Peoples · East Africa

Luhya

Language and Tradition The Luhya people are predominantly based in a province called Western in Kenya. Luhya tribes also reside in the areas around Mount Elgon and as far as Uganda. The language of the Luhya is exactly the same as their name. However, within the clans, their own dialects are also spoken. There are 18 different clans in Kenya. The majority of the Lu…

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Meded
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Meded

Origins, conflicts and way of life of the Meded – a historical nomadic people first mentioned in inscriptions.

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Mentju
People · Historical Ethnology

Mentju

Warlike desert nomads: Lifestyle, raids, and biblical mention of the Mentju between Egypt and the Sinai.

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Meshwesh
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Meshwesh

Role of the Meshwesh as a Libyan tribe, their conflicts with Ramses II and III, and their social structure.

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The Nasamones
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

The Nasamones

Ancient nomadic people of the Nasamones: polygamy, wedding customs, and nomadic lifestyle according to historical accounts.

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North Africa
Peoples

North Africa

Overview of North Africa's countries, Berber roots and cultural shaping by Islam in the region.

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Nubians
Peoples · North Africa

Nubians

Nubians: Nilo-Saharan people with Arab influences. Traditional ways of life, crafts, and tourism in the Nile valleys.

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Peoples · Horn of Africa

Oromo

In Kenya, far fewer Oromo live. There are about 200,000. The origins of the Oromo are likely to be found in the southern highlands of Ethiopia. Political movements Especially in the 1960s, when many African states were waging their struggles for independence and against the colonial powers, the most diverse movements emerged. Whether political natu…

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East Africa
Peoples

East Africa

The East African region can be considered the cradle of humankind. Many finds relating to human evolution have been preserved here.

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Pat (Ancient Egypt)
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Pat (Ancient Egypt)

The Pat tribe – an ancient indigenous people with mythological significance in Egyptian history.

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Rechit
People · Historical Ethnology

Rechit

From the lapwing people to a mythological concept: the evolution of the meaning of Rechit in Ancient Egypt.

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Peoples · Horn of Africa

Somali

Way of life Many Somalis live as emigrants or refugees in America, Europe, the Arabian Peninsula and various other parts of the world. The Somalis live together in clans. Clan affiliation is determined by the paternal line of descent. A large proportion of Somalis live in a very traditional way, primarily engaging in livestock farming. They are pastoral nomads…

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South Africa
Peoples

South Africa

South Africa's population is diverse and shaped by apartheid. Learn more about the four historical groups and their current situation.

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Voortrekkers
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Voortrekkers

Who were the Voortrekkers? Their history, the emergence of their own language, and cultural traces in South Africa and beyond.

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Troglodytes
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Troglodytes

Who were the Troglodytes really? Learn more about their way of life as nomadic herders, their language, and their role on the Red Sea.

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Peoples · East Africa

Tutsi

Origin of the conflict between Hutu and Tutsi It is believed that the Tutsi migrated to Rwanda from the direction of Ethiopia. The Belgians, who took over colonial rule in Rwanda after the Germans, classified the Tutsi based on the width of their noses and recorded this as a racial characteristic in their passports. The Belgians favored the Tutsi above all others and gave i…

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Wangara
Peoples · Historical Ethnology

Wangara

The Wangara were an influential trading tribe in West Africa. Learn more about their gold trade and their role between the Boers, Bambuk and

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West Africa
Peoples

West Africa

The diversity of West Africa: languages, oral traditions through griots, traditional masks, dances, and historical empires such as Mali and Songhai.

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Yoruba
Peoples · West Africa

Yoruba

The Yoruba are known for their active role in religion, politics and culture. Learn more about their traditions, crafts and society.

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Central Africa
Peoples

Central Africa

Rainforests, savannas, and indigenous peoples such as the Pygmies shape Central Africa. Bantu languages and Nilotic languages dominate the region.

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Peoples · South Africa

Zulu

History In the late 17th century, Bantu peoples who originally came from the area of today’s Democratic Republic of the Congo migrated into Natal. A growing population, intensified agriculture and competition in trade with the Europeans led to increasing centralisation and expansion of tribal associations at the beginning of the 18th century. By around 1824, Zululand had 250,000 inhabitants…

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